PIN IDENTIFICATION

General:

• Missing pins have no pin number.
• Unconnected pins and test pins that should be left floating have no identification.
• Clock signals are identified by CLK for positive-edge triggering or /CLK for negative-edge triggering.
• Reset (clear) inputs are identified by RST.
• Set inputs are identified by SET.
• For 3-state devices, output enables are indicated by OE.
• When a pin has two modes, or selects between two operations, then the two may be separated by a slash. An inversion slash may still be present as in SH//LD for shift or load select.
• Pins that have more than one function (selected by programming or the state of another pin) are indicated by both functions separated by a space.

Power supply:

• The main power supply is indicated by VCC.
• System ground is indicated by GND.
• A secondary positive power supply may be indicated by VDD.
• A negative power supply is indicated by VEE.
• Programming power supply (usually higher than VCC) is indicated by VPP.

Gates, line drivers etc.:

• Inputs are identified by letters starting from A.
• Outputs are indicated by Y.

Flip-flops:

• Inputs are identified by J and K, or D.
• Outputs are indicated by Q.

Counters:

• Load inputs are indicated by P followed by the counter stage number.
• Outputs are indicated by Q followed by the counter stage number. Thus (assuming a binary counter) Q0 is the /2 output, Q1 the /4 output.

Shift registers:

• Parallel inputs or bidirectional parallel I/O pins are identified by P followed by the shifter stage number. The leftmost stage in a shift register is number 0.
• Serial inputs are identified by letters starting from D (for right shift) or from L (for left shift). If more than one of either is available, the letter is followed by the shifter stage number it feeds.
• Serial outputs are identified by Q, which may be followed by the shifter stage number if more than one serial output exists.
• Parallel outputs are identified by Q (only if no serial outputs exist), Y (3-state outputs or output latch) followed by the shifter stage number.
• Unidirectional shift registers shift towards higher stage numbers.
• Bidirectional shift registers have separate shift-left and shift-right serial inputs.
• Parallel-in parallel-out shift registers are called univeral.

Multiplexers:

• Inputs are identified by A followed by a number.
• Outputs are indicated by Y.
• Select inputs are identified by S followed by a number starting at 0, unless there is only one select input in which case only S is specified. When the S inputs are taken as a binary number, the value indicates which input is selected.

Demultiplexers:

• Inputs are indicated by A, preceded by a section number if more than one.
• Outputs are identified by Y followed by a number. When there is more than one multiplexer section, inputs are prefixed by a number indicating to which section they belong.
• Select inputs are identified by S followed by a number starting at 0, unless there is only one select input in which only S is specified. When the S inputs are taken as a binary number, the value indicates which output is selected. For noninverting demultiplexers unselected outputs are 0, for inverting demultiplexers they are 1.

Analog multiplexers/demultiplexers:

• Analog switches generally are bidirectional, and inputs and outputs can therefore be reversed. One side of the switch is indicated by X (optionally followed by a number), the other side is indicated by Y.
• Select inputs are identified by S followed by a number starting at 0, unless there is only one select input in which only S is specified. When the S inputs are taken as a binary number, the value indicates which switch is selected.

Memories:

• Address inputs are indicated by A followed by the bit number, starting from 0. Multiport memories use RA or WA for separate read and write addresses, or A prefixed by the port number followed by the bit number.
• Data inputs or data I/O are indicated by D followed by a number starting from 0.
• Data outputs are indicated by Q followed by a number.

Oscillators:

• One-inverter oscillators are indicated by X0 and X1 pins, where X0 is the inverters' output and X1 is the input. If I happen not to know which is which, the pins are indicated by X1 and X2. A crystal oscillator usually requires a crystal parallel to a 10M resistor, with two small capacitors to ground; but sometimes only a crystal is needed -- most often when a 32kHz watch crystal can be used.
• Two-inverter oscillators are indicated by X1 (input), X0 (middle node) and X2 (output). A crystal oscillator can then be made using X0 and X1.

Sections:

• When a device has several (largely) independent sections, I/O pins are prefixed by the section number, starting from 1, as in 1J or /1Q.
• Multi-bit functions, such as counters or 3-state buffers have I/O pins suffixed by the bit number, usually starting from 0 (except sometimes for counters which may have some outputs missing).
• The section/bit numbering is used in a different way for (de)multiplexers.

TRUTH TABLES

For inputs, the following notations are used:

   0  : logic low level
   1  : logic high level
   X  : don't care, either 0 or 1
   /  : rising or positive-edge clock input
   \  : falling or negative-edge clock input
   !/ : not a rising edge, either 0, 1 or \
   !\ : not a falling edge, either 0, 1 or /
   .  : 'continued', used in compressing the table

For outputs, the following notations are used:

   0 : logic low level
   1 : logic high level
   Z : high impedance, either 3-state or open-collector not driving output
   - : no change (latched in closed state, or register value not changed)
   ? : undefined (although some manufacturers may define a behaviour)
   . : 'continued', used in compressing the table

ASSUMPTIONS FOR DIGITAL DEVICES

Single/Dual Flip-flops:

• The clock is positive-edge triggered.
• Complementary outputs are available.

Multiple flip-flops:

• Only inverting or noninverting outputs are available.

Synchronous counters:

• The clock is positive-edge triggered.
• LOAD,SET and RESET are synchronous.

Asynchronous counters:

• The clock is negative-edge triggered.
• LOAD,SET and RESET are asynchronous.

Shift registers:

• The clock is positive-edge triggered.
• LOAD and RESET (if available) are synchronous.

ASSUMPTIONS FOR ANALOG DEVICES

Operational amplifiers:

• VCC usually is +15V, VEE -15V.
• For single/dual-supply op-amps, VEE can be connected to GND.

Analog multiplexers/demultiplexers:

• Analog switches generally are bidirectional, and inputs and outputs can therefore be reversed. One side of the switch is indicated by X (optionally followed by a number), the other side is indicated by Y.
• Select inputs are identified by S followed by a number starting at 0, unless there is only one select input in which only S is specified. When the S inputs are taken as a binary number, the value indicates which switch is selected.
• Select and enable inputs are at TTL level, except for 4000-series CMOS where these inputs must swing between GND and VCC.

Digtal/analog converters:

• Select and data inputs are at TTL level.
• Current output DACs may have both OUT and inverted /OUT output current pins.